The session will introduce concepts and potentials of expanded cinema and immersive installation.
Expanded cinema：
2016 “Martial Arts” Joint artist in an interactive performance and animation workshop supporting the Yves Klein exhibition. Judo movements where performed and interpreted into animated sequences exploring Klein’s aesthetic approaches to the moving figure. Tate Exchange programme, Tate gallery Liverpool.
Op Art Installation
2019(February) Light Edges, Dark Spaces. Tate Exchange exhibition in conjunction with the Op Art Exhibition in at the Tate Liverpool. An interactive installation re-examined the core principles of Op Art and the illusive phenomena of line, form, scale and edge transforming colour and space and surpassing the limitations of the flat surface. https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/o/op-art
Maybe future……?
Set up videos, it will be very power.
Like this case, it doesn’t show people’s faces. This might be a point of discussion.
The Frameless visit：
See four immersive exhibition spaces that feature well-known works by Cézanne, Kandinsky, Monet, Dali, Van Gogh, Canaletto, Rembrandt, and Klimt.
Experiencing music and art simultaneously creates a richer experience.
Every show has a varied layout; the second floor, for instance, is participatory. People will disperse as they walk across the ground’s pattern. Then, when oil paintings create, these particles gently ascend from the floor to the walls before abruptly redescending.
Research design and methodology Qualitative and quantitative research methods.
The methodology section should generally be written in the past tense.
Researchers use three primary methodology types:
qualitative
quantitative
mixed methods
Within these broad categories, more specific methods include an array of options, such as case studies, self reporting and surveys.
Choose a research methodology：
Research aims and objectives will form the basis for decisions on your approach to the methodology.
The first question you need to ask yourself is whether your research is exploratory or confirmatory in nature.
“Unlike quantitative studies which are concerned with outcomes, generalisation, prediction, and cause-effect relationships through deductive reasoning, qualitative studies are concerned with process, context, interpretation, meaning or under- standing through inductive reasoning.” (Yilmaz 2013)
Purpose：
When researchers document their studies, they typically include a methodology to describe the processes and outcomes of their research. If you’re covering a thesis topic, submitting a dissertation or documenting a project for your employer, including a methodology helps summarize your studies for readers who review your work. Additionally, the methodology is important for providing insight into the validity and reliability of your research. In this article, we explore what a methodology is, what to include in this part of your paper and how it differs from your research methods with an example of methodology in a research paper.
What is a methodology in a research paper?
The methodology in a research paper, thesis paper or dissertation is the section in which you describe the actions you took to investigate and research a problem and your rationale for the specific processes and techniques you use within your research to identify, collect and analyse information that helps you understand the problem.
The methodology section of your research paper allows readers to evaluate the overall validity and reliability of your study and gives important insight into two key elements of your research: your data collection and analysis processes and your rationale for conducting your research.
When writing a methodology for a research paper, it’s important to keep the discussion clear and succinct and write in the past tense.
Methodology need to include：
•The first part of a methodology section usually describes the type of research you perform and how you develop your research methods.
•
•This section also discusses the question or problem you investigate through your research and the type of data you need to perform evaluations and research assessments.
•
•Additionally, the methodology often includes the criteria your experimental studies need to meet to produce valid and reliable evidence. The information you cover in this part of your methodology allows readers to gain insight into how you measure validity and reliability during your studies.
Differences between the methodology and methods：
Although the methodology section of your research paper includes details about the methods you use in your research, there are several differences between a methodology and the research methods you apply:
Purpose：
The overall purpose of your methodology differs from the set of methods you use to apply to your research. While the methodology is the entire section of your research paper that describes your processes, the methods refer to the actual steps you take throughout your research to collect and analyse data. The methodology serves as a summary that demonstrates the validity and reliability of your methods, while the methods you detail in this section of your paper are the scientific approaches to test and make conclusions about the data you study.
Format：
The format for a methodology differs from the format you use to list and explain your research and analysis methods. The methodology usually appears at the beginning of your paper and looks like a summary or essay in paragraph form detailing your research validity, process and rationale. The format you use to describe your research and analysis methods can take various forms, depending on the type of research, type of data and type of assessments you use.
Content：
The purpose and format ultimately influence the content that you include in both your methodology and your research method details. However, the content within your entire methodology focuses on delivering a concise summary of your research, approaches and outcomes. Therefore, the content of your methodology includes all aspects of performing your studies.
The content in your research paper that details your collection and analysis methods differs because it’s often necessary to explain your scientific approaches and research processes with lists and visual aids (like charts or graphs) to support the information.
Structure Summary：
•Methodology; Describes the type of research you perform and how you develop your research methods, establishes the question or problem you investigate and the type of data you need to perform evaluations and research assessments.
•Data collection process; An explanation of experimental tests on samples, conducting surveys or interviews or analysis existing data.
•Data analysis process; The methods you use to organize, categorize and study the information you collect.
•Resources, materials and tools; The tools, materials and other resources you need for your research.
•Rationale behind the research; Should include why your studies are relevant, what industries your studies relate to and how other researchers can replicate your results .
A small video example was used in the class: When people earn more money, do they spend more money?
Use methodology to demonstrate the author’s point of view, advancing layer by layer.
Usually, a literature review can be described as an objective, concise, and critical summary of published research literature pertinent to the subject being researched in an article. A literature can be an end in itself (an analysis of what is known about a topic) or a prologue to and rationale for engaging in primary research.
The following are guidelines on how to write a literature review:
Organize the literature review around key topics of concepts. Use headings or topic sentences to convey your organizational principle.
Tell a story about the research. This will assist you with your organization.
Be selective. Incorporate only studies that are pertinent to your subject.
Synthesize and evaluate.
Use a summary to assist the reader to relate every section to the wider topic and to clarify your argument’s movement. Where have we just been and where are we heading to?
Organizing Tips：
When writing your literature review, place background information, for example, explanations of a theoretical model or clinical situation, at sections where it will be most helpful for your readers. For instance, if various researchers have utilized a similar theoretical approach
Split your literature review into segments with appropriate descriptions, following the guidelines of the documentation system you’re using. Your outline provides the basis for this division since it has already clustered studies together under headings and subheadings., define that framework before reviewing those studies.
Some guidelines：
Use headings and topic sentences to inform readers what the subject is and what point the material is contributing to the discussion.
Do not just point to the existence of literature on the topic; compose about methods or results in the studies you discuss.
Test sentences for relevance to the main point.
Put citations where they don’t distract from the line of thought you are presenting.
Utilize active verbs that are strong and rich in content.
Make use of transition words.
Concerns about Sentence Level!
Look at how the following literature review example apa impacts readability: sentence strength, focus, placement of citation, active vs. passive voice, and transition.
defining and testing a research topic. Developing a literature review
Defining and testing a research topic
Evaluating Information
This is a really important part of the Thesis process and will take place at various stages of it: when selecting appropriate resources, when using/reading those resources, when making your own case.
2. ‘academic writing’:
Academic writers use cautious considered language in an effort to be as exact as they can in their analysis. They try to say only what they mean and think can be justified.
3. Academic research then, requires sources that are authorative /credible, unbiased, current and relevant to your needs.
a. Authority and Credibility
b. Bias and perspective
c. Currency
Planning your thesis Once you have a significant collection of notes you can begin to devise a plan.
Some tips are:
• Try to formulate a structure that develops an argument.
• Avoid relying on chronology to structure the thesis for you.
• Take charge of your notes; do not rely on them to tell you a plan.
• Edit out irrelevant material. This means you need a clear focus on objective.
• Identify the main sections/chapters and group the appropriate notes together.
• Consider visual illustrations to support your discussion/argument.
Writing skills:
Thesis Structure：
Title: Subtitle
A title’s primary function is to define precisely and concisely the topic. A legitimate secondary function is to stimulate the reader’s interest. Two-part titles are common: a main title to stimulate interest and somehow imaginatively ‘encapsulate’ the topic, and a subsidiary title to specify the topic.
Acknowledgements
Abstract
Contents Page
Introduction
Main Body of Text
Appendices
Referencing
Developing and Writing Literature review
Tips：
A literature review requires the same style as any other piece of academic writing . That means no contractions or colloquialisms, concise language, formal tone, and an objective perspective at all times.
To distinguish between your analysis and prior scholarly work in the field, use the past tense when discussing the previous research conducted on your topic and the present tense when discussing your point of view. For example, you might write that a specific author conducted research or that they had been influenced by earlier researchers in the field, but also that you are exploring different research methods and that you are posing certain questions.
Read your pared-down body of sources. As you conduct your research, take note of the themes present in them and ask questions:
Do different authors agree with each other on these themes?
Where do they disagree?
How does each author support their position?
Examine the research methods each author used in their work. If your sources involve studies or experiments, note whether the results were replicated and where, if at all, the studies’ results varied from each other.
Write down your key insights and how each source you consult contributes to the existing pool of knowledge on its subject. Explore how the sources challenge and contradict each other and where they agree or expand upon each other.
Create a literature review outline!
2. Once your outline is complete, it’s time to start writing.
In nearly all cases, literature reviews are written in the third person.
For example, you might discuss a scholarly article by stating “this paper argues . . .” or “in her work, the author elaborates on . . .” However, there are cases where first person is appropriate in a literature review, such as when you’re referencing your own research. For example, if you’re citing an earlier paper you’ve written or data collected from a study you conducted, you may use phrases like “I argue,” “I propose,” and “through my research, I found that . . .”
3. Remember to follow the Harvard reverencing system.
Similarly, use the same objective academic tone you’ll use in your research paper.
Don’t just list and describe the sources you’ve read; respond to them, interpret them, and critically evaluate them. Keep in mind that you don’t have to agree with every source you use—in fact, exploring where your findings diverge from a source’s findings can be a strong point in your literature review and your research as a whole.
Selected Topic: The use of computer stereo vision in animation production and their future development
Want：To debate the use of 3D stereoscopic visual effects in animation creation and their potential future development, and to prove the point of view through the actual application in the final works.
Class：
Choosing a Thesis Topic (and defining a research question)
Your topic will become your ‘research question’. The subject you pick must in some way connect to the area of art, design and visual culture.
You need to consider what resource materials will be available to you (finding this out will be part of your proposal research). Do not rely on personal experience for information.
Your choice of topic is part of the marking criteria of your Thesis. The key points are focus and challenge. A strong topic might receive the comments: Topic well focused and intellectually challenging. Choice of topic suggests considerable critical awareness and understanding.
A weak topic might receive this: Topic limited in approach, purely descriptive, lacking an issue based subject OR inappropriately ambitious.
Things to pay attention to when selecting topics:
If the problem with this topic is that it is too broad then it needs to be made more specific.
2. Any question that has an easily available -or obvious – right answer falls into the ‘too narrow’ category.
3. You may think if your general topic area is fine but the title isn’t right yet there’s nothing to worry about. This is a mistake because your question should drive your research and structure your Thesis/case.
4. When developing a research question you need to work out all the different, relevant factors that will inform a convincing analysis. In other words you need to break your question or topic down into sub-questions. These sub-questions will then help you form the structure of the Thesis.
Further Modifying Your Topic
You will continue to modify your topic throughout the research process. How you modify your topic will depend on:
• Whether there is too much information
• Whether there is too little information
• Whether new issues arise in the research process that need to be addressed
Check List for Choosing a Topic
Have you chosen a topic which will hold your interest for a sustained period?
Do you know what the current issues relating to this topic are?
Have you found out who the leading experts / key writers are in this field and what reviews of the topic already exist?
Do you have the support of your supervisor for your topic?
Where are you going to find the appropriate background reading and other sources of information you need for this topic?
Have you checked their availability?
Are you going to do primary research? What access do you have to your area of interest? When are you going to do it? Have you discussed the practicality of it with your supervisor?
Have you a clearly articulated position which you aim to test? (if appropriate)
Are you sure that your topic is sufficiently focused?
Does it respond to a question and/or present an argument?
Have you a clear, manageable research question?
Researching your Topic
Choosing your topic will involve a considerable amount of initial research. Research involves locating key sources. There are two kinds of sources:
a) Primary or original sources. These could be a mediaeval manuscript, a poem, a photograph, the records of an institution, a dress, an interview…
b) Secondary or interpretative sources i.e. papers/articles/books written about a subject.
Each source/text is written/produced from a perspective and has a specific function. Interpretation, therefore, depends not only on the content, but also the context. In other words, don’t take everything at face value. Notice and make note of the position that is being taken by theauthor/producer. An essential part of a good Thesis is commenting on the different position’s authors take.
This session will revisit the established practice of experimental animation identifying potential for research with practical experiment looking at pertinent works and key artists.
Experimental Animation
Definition:
Why look at experimental work?
The limitless potentials of developing visual and film language fuelled by technological advancement has and continues to motivate independent and ground-breaking work.
Personal Vision through independent film and animation remain central to the development of the medium.
Elements to consider in Analysing and Implementing Formal Experimental Animation
Categorisation; Genre & Sub-genre what is the works background / setting, mood / tone, theme or topic? How does it comment? Does it fit or is it unique?
Form and Function; interpreting meaning and relating it to the format, or presentational mode (What are the artist objectives, limitations and?)
Process; The techniques, materials and technologies applied within the work and the relationships between message and medium, (Does process, technique or tool become the message?)
Formal Elements; Use of space, composition, Light & colour, movement, rhythm, timing, pacing, transition and audio relationships.( does he work investigate these or other formal elements?)
Conceptual Abstraction
This term relates to the abstraction and juxtaposition of narrative structures or storytelling tools, traditional cannons, and communicative vehicles.
These approaches question and build film language, challenge perception and exploit semiotics metaphor and symbolism.
Interpreting Abstraction
There is an integral link between conceptual application and technological advancement in the innovation of film and in particular, animation, raising complex and challenging questions on;
Categorisation; Genre & Sub-genre what is the works background / setting, mood / tone, theme or topic?
Form and Function; interpreting meaning and relating it to the format, or presentational mode:
Process; The techniques, materials and technologies applied within the work and the relationships between message and medium, (Does process, technique or tool become the message?)
Formal Elements; Use of space/composition, Light & colour, movement, rhythm, timing, pacing, transition and audio relationships.
Non-Dialogued film
From Hollywood’s silent films to Surrealism, from children’s narrative to Expressionism, working without the key element of dialogue in developing the narrative or the theme, challenges the communicator to convey information through gesture and performance, filmic language, special effects and alternative audio components.
In class, I watched many different types of experimental short films, which gave me a deeper understanding of abstract and experimental animation.
Start a section on your blog for the FMP thesis proposal
Consider the following questions and try to provide brief answers on your blog for next week.
On graduation which area or environment of production do you wish to focus upon and why?
I had wanted to concentrate on stereoscopic vision when I graduated and produce a design that integrates stereoscopic vision with animation. It combines realistic thinking with dreamy vision, effectively enhances the overall sense of immersion, and brings a shocking visual experience to the audience.
What skills will you need to attain the standards required for vocational practice?
Traditional 3D computer animation skills combined with the use of some virtual engines make the look and feel more realistic.
How will you showcase your FMP practice for the final shows?
It should be played on a computer. If there is technical support to complete the effect of vr/naked-eye 3D animation, some related facilities may be used.
Is it important to directly connect the thesis research to your practical work?
I think it is very necessary. Because the actual work can also be regarded as the experimental data of the paper, providing more support for the paper.
Do you have an area of research you wish to conduct that is unrelated to practical element?
I consider it an honor if I can delve into it further.
This session will introduce the structure and content the thesis requires.
example
Developing Research Proposals
What is the goal of a research proposal?
In any research proposal, the goal is to present the author’s plan for the research they intend to conduct.
• Filling a gap in the existing body of research on their subject
• Underscoring existing research on their subject, and/or
• Adding new, original knowledge to the academic community’s existing understanding of their subject
Your research proposal also must explain the following
• The research methodology you plan to use. The tools and procedures you will use to collect, analyse, and interpret the data you collect
• Limitations or constraints that =are come with conducting it through your institution, department, or academic program
A literature review is part of a research proposal. It’s the section that covers which sources you’re using, how you’re using them, and why they’re relevant. Think of a literature review as a mini-research proposal that fits into your larger, main proposal.
2. How long should a research proposal be?
A research proposal’s goal is to clearly outline exactly what your research will entail and accomplish, so including the proposal’s word count or page count isn’t nearly as important as it is to ensure that all the necessary elements and content are present. The recommended word count would be 1200-1500
3. Research proposal structure
To achieve the goals described in the previous sections, and provide the supervisor sufficient information for recommendations for thesis development the research proposals will need include the following sections:
• Research title or question
• Draft Introduction
• Key words searched
• General outline of each chapter
• Draft literature review
• A draft chapter
• Indicative bibliography
4. Draft Introduction
5. Key words
List key words and combinations used in searching for sources.
example
6. Draft literature review
Focus！
7.
How to write a research proposal
Research proposals, like all other kinds of academic writing, are written in a formal, objective tone. Keep in mind that being concise is a key component of academic writing; formal does not mean flowery.
Adhere to the structure outlined above. Your reader knows how a research proposal is supposed to read and expects it to fit this template. It’s crucial that you present your research proposal in a clear, logical way. Every question the reader has while reading your proposal should be answered by the final section.
