Today’s class taught how to write the introduction and conclusion of the report.
Whether for a report, a journal paper, a dissertation or thesis these components are a critical consideration in successfully communicating to a reader.
- A clear understanding of the research topic undertaken and why
- What information, data, learning informed the research and findings
- A conclusion restating objective and connecting findings
We should think clearly about who the audience of this article is and what we can tell readers.
An introduction should do the following:
- Attract the Reader’s Attention
- State Your Focused Topic
- State your Thesis
Conclusion：
- A conclusion works to remind your reader of the main points of your paper and summarizes what you want your reader to “take away” from your discussion. Consider these tips when writing your conclusion:
- Begin with your rephrased thesis statement to remind your reader of the point of your paper.
- Summarize the points you made in your paper and show how they support your argument; tie all the pieces of your paper together.
- Tell your reader what the significance of your argument might be. Why is the discussion important? Do you want your reader to think differently, question something, or perform some action? Make a recommendation of what your reader should “do” with the information you just gave them, or share the importance of the topic.
Tips for Writing an Introduction：
- Do keep your introduction paragraph short. There are no hard and fast rules, but for most types of features and blog posts three or four sentences is a reasonable goal.
- Don’t waste words. Write lean. Get rid of . It’s good to practice clean, crisp writing in general, but it’s especially important in an opening paragraph to capture your reader’s attention.
- Do consider eliminating your first sentence. Your first sentence (or even your first two or three) is often a sort of writer’s warmup. Cut it and see if it makes the intro stronger.
- Don’t oversell it. Never let your intro write a check your article can’t cash. Whatever you promise in the opening paragraph, make sure you deliver in the post itself.
- Do try drafting the rest of your article before working on the introduction. Often, writing a piece will reveal the best way to introduce it. If your intro doesn’t flow from the beginning, start with a placeholder and write the opening paragraph after the article is complete.
Take time craft and carefully edit your introduction. It can mean the difference between a reader navigating away to greener digital pastures or staying on the page to read what you’ve written, share, and engage.
Tips for Writing a Conclusion：
1.In the simplest terms
2.Objectives
3.Shouldn’t：
- There are a few things that you should definitely strive to avoid when writing your conclusion paragraph. These elements will only cheapen your overall argument and belabour the obvious.
Avoid phrases like “in summary,” “in conclusion,” or “to sum up.” Readers know they’re at the end of the essay and don’t need a signpost.
- Don’t simply summarize what’s come before. For a short essay, you certainly don’t need to reiterate all of your supporting arguments. Readers will know if you just copied and pasted from elsewhere.
Avoid introducing brand new ideas or evidence. This will only confuse readers and sap force from your arguments. If there’s a really profound point that you’ve reached in your conclusion and want to include, try moving it to one of your supporting paragraphs.
- State your purpose
Synthesize rather than restate the material. If you presented an argument, show the reader how all the points fit together to form a logical conclusion.
- Add perspective
If you’ve come across a fantastic quote in your research that didn’t quite make it into the essay, the conclusion is a great spot for it. Including a quote from one of your primary or secondary sources can frame your thesis or final thoughts in a different light. This can add specificity and texture to your overall argument.
- Consider the clincher
At the end of the essay comes your closing sentence or clincher. As you think about how to write a good conclusion, the clincher must be top of mind. What can you say to propel the reader to a new view on the subject? This final sentence needs to help readers feel a sense of closure. It should also end on a positive note, so your audience feels glad they read your paper and that they learned something worthwhile.
- Whereas your introduction acts as a bridge that transfers your readers from their own lives into the “space” of your argument or analysis, your conclusion should help readers transition back to their daily lives.
- You don’t want to simply summarize what your discussion. Rather, the conclusion should convey a sense of closure alongside the larger meaning and lingering possibilities of the topic.
- Provide readers with a solution, and insight for any further study.